Stefano Ghirardelli, MD

Knee & hip

Conditions I treat.

I diagnose and treat the most common hip and knee conditions, whether degenerative, traumatic, or sports-related. Every condition is evaluated individually to identify the best treatment path - conservative, injection-based, rehabilitative, or surgical.

01

Knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition characterized by progressive wear of the articular cartilage. It can cause pain, stiffness, swelling, and difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or carrying out normal daily activities. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and may include conservative therapies, injections, regenerative medicine, or, in more advanced cases, knee replacement.

02

Meniscal tears

The menisci are essential for stability, shock absorption, and load distribution within the knee. Meniscal injuries may be traumatic, common in athletes, or degenerative, more common with age. Treatment is chosen according to the type of tear, symptoms, and functional needs of the patient, prioritizing meniscal preservation whenever possible.

03

Ligament injuries

Injuries to the knee ligaments, such as the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, or collateral ligaments, can compromise joint stability and confidence during movement. They are common in sports and require careful evaluation to define the most suitable pathway, which may be rehabilitative or surgical in cases of significant instability.

04

Cartilage lesions

Cartilage lesions can cause pain, swelling, joint locking, and functional limitation. They may result from trauma, overload, or early degenerative processes. Treatment depends on the extent and location of the lesion, the patient's age and activity level, and may include conservative, injectable, regenerative, or surgical strategies.

05

Patellofemoral disorders

Patellofemoral disorders involve the joint between the kneecap and the femur and can cause anterior knee pain, instability, a sense of giving way, grinding, or episodes of kneecap dislocation. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem and may include targeted physical therapy, correction of biomechanical factors, or, in selected cases, specific surgical procedures.

06

Hip osteoarthritis

Hip osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that causes pain, stiffness, and progressive difficulty with movement, often limiting walking, dressing, climbing stairs, or physical activity. In the early stages it can be managed with conservative treatments; in advanced cases, hip replacement can be an effective solution to reduce pain and restore function.

07

Hip dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a condition in which the joint has an altered shape and coverage of the femoral head. It can lead to pain, instability, and early development of osteoarthritis. A specialist evaluation makes it possible to define the degree of dysplasia, the existing joint damage, and the most appropriate treatment - conservative or surgical - based on age and patient characteristics.

08

Femoral head bone marrow edema

Bone marrow edema of the femoral head is a condition characterized by fluid accumulation within the bone, often associated with hip or groin pain, difficulty with weight-bearing, and functional limitation. It can appear following overload, microtrauma, vascular alterations, or early conditions that require careful monitoring, such as avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Diagnosis is mainly based on magnetic resonance imaging, which allows evaluation of the extent of the edema and distinguishes transient forms from more complex conditions. Treatment is defined according to the cause, severity of symptoms, and evolution of the condition, and may include off-loading, medication, physical therapy, regenerative medicine, or minimally invasive surgical procedures in selected cases.

09

Painful joint replacements

Pain after a hip or knee replacement requires accurate specialist assessment. The causes can be multiple, including implant loosening, instability, infection, stiffness, wear, malposition, or problems of the surrounding tissues. A precise diagnosis is essential to distinguish conditions treatable without surgery from those that may require revision surgery.

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